Heavy metal pollution is a serious and growing problem in the world due to increased industrialization and disruption of natural biogeochemical cycles. Heavy metals, unlike organic matter, are not biodegradable and accumulate in the environment which poses a risk to the environment and the health of all living things. Soil quality directly affects the conservation of biodiversity, the sustainability of ecosystems, and thus human development, health and safety. Remediation of soil contaminated with complex mixtures of organic matter and heavy metals is one of the greatest challenges of environmental renewal. So far, different physical, chemical and biological approaches have been applied for this purpose, but the applied remediation methods are accompanied by major shortcomings such as high costs, intensive work, irreversible changes in soil properties and disruption of the original soil microflora. One of the newer approaches to the remediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals is phytoremediation, which represents a set of techniques that use different plant species to solve the problem of heavy metal pollution. It is a set of techniques that use plants, their enzymes and present microorganisms from the root zone to isolate, transport, detoxify and mineralize xenobiotics, thereby reducing their concentration, mobility or toxic effects. It consists of phytoextraction, phytostabilization, phytovolatization, phytodegradation, phytodesalination and rhizodegradation, and all these techniques have a great potential for non-destructive remediation of different soil types.