| Abstract | Brnistra ili žuka (Spartium junceum L.) je samonikla aromatična biljka jarkih, žutih cvjetovi koji imaju ugodan, medni miris. Rasprostranjena je u mediteranskom dijelu Hrvatske, a posebno u Dalmaciji. Smatra se da grad Split, grčki Aspalathos, duguje svoje ime brnistri. S obzirom da miris aromatičnih biljaka potječe od hlapljivih spojeva, cilj ovog rada bio je odrediti profil aromatičnih, hlapljivih spojeva brnistre, odnosno odrediti sastav i sadržaj ovih spojeva u svježim cvjetovima brnistre. Radi što potpunijeg uvida u sastav i sadržaj hlapljivih spojeva pripremljeni su različiti uzorci hlapljivih spojeva, eterično ulje, konkretna ulja (2 uzorka) i apsoluti (2 uzorka), a njihova analiza je provedena plinskom kromatografijom- spektrometrijom masa (GC-MS). Aromatični spojevi nisu ni kvalitativno ni kvantitativno značajni sastojci uzoraka hlapljivih spojeva brnistre. Eterično ulje brnistre karakterizira visoki udio masnih kiselina, 45,3 %, u odnosu na udio terpenskih, fenilpropanskih i ostalih mirisnih spojeva (5,3 %). Konkretna ulja brnistre, bez obzira na metodu pripreme, kvalitativno i kvantitativno su vrlo slična. Gotovo svi sastojci konkretnih ulja su alifatski ugljikovodici, a nije identificiran niti jedan klasični mirisni spoj. Za razliku od konkretnih ulja, apsoluti brnistre razlikuju se kvalitativno i kvantitativno, što ovisi o metodi njihove pripreme, točnije temperaturi pri kojoj je provedena ekstrakcija hlapljivih spojeva iz biljnog materijala. Dok u apsolutu 1, koji je dobiven ekstrakcijom pri povišenoj temperaturi, dominiraju alifatski ugljikovodici (72,0 %), apsolut 2, kod kojeg je ekstrakcija provedena pri sobnoj temperaturi, karakterizira podjednak udio alifatskih ugljikovodika i masnih kiselina i njhovih estera (42,4 prema 41,5 %). U apsolutima također nije identificiran niti jedan klasični mirisni spoj. |
| Abstract (english) | Spanish broom (Spartium junceum L.) is a wild-growing, aromatic plant with bright yellow flowers which have a pleasant, honey like scent. It is widespread in the Mediterranean part of Croatia, especially in Dalmatia. It is beleived that city of Split, Greek Aspalathos, owes its name to Spanish broom. Knowing that the fragrance of the aromatic plants is derived from volatile compounds, the aim of this study was to determine the Spanish broom aromatic profile, i.e. determine the composition and content of aromatic, volatile compounds in its fresh flowers. For more complete insight into the composition and content of volatile compounds, various samples of volatile compounds were prepared, namely essential oil, concrete oils (two samples) and absolutes (two samples) and their analysis was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Aromatic, fragrant compounds are not qualitatively neither quantitatively important ingredients of investigated broom volatile samples. Spanish broom essential oil was characterized by a high content of fatty acids, 45,3 %, compared to the content of terpene, phenylpropane and other aromatic compounds (5,3 %). Spanish broom concrete oils, regardless of the preparation method, are qualitatively and quantitatively very similar. Almost all constituents of these oils are aliphatic hydrocarbons, and neither one conventional fragrant compound was not identified. Opposite to the concrete oils, Spanish broom absolutes are qualitatively and quantitatively different, which depends on the preparation method, more precisely the temperature at which the extraction of the volatiles was performed. While in absolute 1, which is obtained by extraction at organic solvent boiling temperature, aliphatic hydrocarbons were dominating compounds, absolute 2, obtained by extraction at room temperature, was characterized by almost the same content of aliphatic hydrocarbons and fatty acids and their esters, 42,4 and 41,5 %, respectively. Same as in concrete oils, neither one fragrant compound was not identified in absolutes of Spanish broom flowers. |
